Character analysis Essay

Priestley describes him in the opening stage directions as a ‘rather portentous man’, full of his own self-importance. In the play, he is certainly very concerned with his social position – he twice mentions that he was Lord Mayor as a way of impressing Gerald (pp.8, 11), and mentions the knighthood to him, even though it is far from definite. He is solely worried about how his family’s reputation will suffer at the inquest when he hears of Mrs Birling’s part in the girl’s death (p.45), and he is more concerned about how to ‘cover†¦up’ Eric’s thefts (p.54) than about how to put them right. He tries to use first Gerald’s family name (p.13) and then his friendship with the Chief Constable (p.16) as ways of bullying the Inspector; he obviously believes that others are as easily impressed by social connections as he is. (We know he is easily impressed because of his evident pride at Gerald’s family background ; he obviously believes he has made a good match for Sheila.) His key characteristic is his complacency. He is well-off (as the opening stage directions suggest), and he believes he always will be: that ‘we’re in for a time of steadily increasing prosperity’ (p.6). This success, however, has been at the expense of others – he threw the girl out of her job for asking for a modest rise, and intends in the future to work with Crofts Limited ‘for lower costs and higher prices’ (p.4), exploiting his power as a capitalist to profit at the expense of others. Birling does not believe he has a responsibility to society, only to his family: ‘a man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own’ (p.10). He is not upset, unlike Eric, at hearing the details of the girl’s death (p.12), which shows him to be a little heartless. He is suspiciously defensive when he thinks the Inspector is accusing him of causing it, and – like Mrs Birling – is relieved when he thinks the finger is no longer pointing at him. This is hypocritical because, as the Inspector says, ‘the girl’s [still] dead, though’ (p.18). He also has double standards: for he sees nothing strange in wanting to protect Sheila from the unpleasantness of the girl’s life and death, yet feels no guilt at not having protected the girl herself. Crucially, Priestley undermines this self-important, complacent man, who believes his only responsibility is to his family, right at the start of the play. He is shown as short-sighted and wrong:  Prediction  Reality  Ã¢â‚¬ËœWe’re in for a time of steadily increasing prosperity’  The Wall Street Crash (1929) and the Great Depression within a generation  Ã¢â‚¬ËœThere isn’t a chance of war’  World war within two years, with a second to follow within the same lifetime  Ã¢â‚¬ËœIn 1940†¦you’ll be living in a world that’ll have forgotten all these Capital versus Labour agitations’  The General Strike (1926) and the continued rise of the Trade Union Movement. The Titanic: ‘unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable’  SS Titanic sinks on her maiden voyage  This dramatic irony at his expense encourages us to question how many of his other beliefs are correct; Priestley, as a socialist, is not sympathetic to what this capitalist believes.  He also undermines Birling’s relationship with his family, the only institution that Birling believes matters. In Act Two, both his children – who learn from the Inspector in a way Birling never does – behave badly in front of him (pp.32-33), and his heir Eric is later revealed as both an alcoholic and a thief. After the Inspector has gone, Birling simply wants things to return to the way they were. He cannot understand Sheila’s and Eric’s insistence that there is something to be learnt, and he is relieved and triumphant when he feels that scandal has been avoided and everything is all right. Right up until the end, he claims that ‘there’s every excuse for what both your mother and I did – it turned out unfortunately, that’s all’ (p.57). Birling is not the cold and narrow-minded person that his wife is; he simply believes in what he says. He is a limited man, who is shown to be wrong about many things in the play; it is the Birlings of the world whom Priestley feared – in 1945 – would not be willing or able to learn the lessons of the past, and so it is to the younger generation that Priestley hopefully looked instead†¦Ã‚  Mrs Birling  Priestley describes her in the opening stage directions as ‘a rather cold woman’ (p.1).  She expects Sheila to make the same sacrifices in marriage that she had to (p.3); she has a clear sense of her duty within the family.

International Marketing of Ikea Essay

Table of Contents Table of Contents1 1. Executive Summary1 2. Introduction1 3. Internationalization2 4. Foreign Market Segmentation and Targeting3 5. Environmental Analysis5 5.1 SWOT Analysis6 5.2 Environmental Analysis of Host Country- China8 5.3 From the perspective of IKEA International Group10 6. International Marketing Objectives11 7. Foreign Market Entry Strategy11 8. Product/Service Mix Preparation14 8.1 Product adaptation14 8.2 Product publicity15 8.3 Product price15 8.4 New product development16 8.5 Market expansion16 8.6 Service Mix16 9. Conclusion17 Appendices18 1. Executive Summary This report emphasizes on the analysis of the overseas expansion of the global brand named IKEA, who has already built a competitive advantage in the international furniture competition. It has the largest part of market share and got huge success in Europe which leads it to expand to Asia and other market of the world. Analysis of all the environmental aspects in China shows that China is the best country to invest in, although there are still some weaknesses and threats exists. 2. Introduction IKEA is the world’s largest furniture retailer which founded in 1943. In 2009, the world’s leading marketing research organizations of Interbrand selected into â€Å"Global 100 Most Valuable Brands† list, the IKEA ranked 28th for about 12 billion U.S. dollars in brand value, which is constantly increasing. IKEA stores were founded in the most important shopping areas of 240 stores in Europe, the North America, Asia and Africa. IKEA’s success in the retail industry can be attributed to its vast experience in the retail market, product differentiation, and cost leadership. This report will analysis the international marketing strategy of IKEA as follows aspects: internationalization, foreign market segmentation and targeting, internal and external business environment based PEST and SWOT analysis, international objectives, foreign marketing enter strategy and product/service mix preparation. 3. Internationalization Internationalization appears when the company expands its R&D, production, selling and other business activities into globalization markets (Hollensen, 2004). IKEA group is the most internationalized retailing of furniture worldwide. Chairman Ingvar Kamprad opened his first furniture in 1943. He spent almost ten years on building and developing the brands from mail order business to furniture business in Swedish. In 50’s of last century, forced domestic counterparts extrusion, IKEA was forced to go abroad to find suppliers of raw materials, but to find low cost instead. This is the IKEA’s first globalization of production attempt. Since in 1953, the first abroad store was opened successfully in Danmark. Then IKEA rapidly expanded to the whole European region. With the success of global sourcing, In the early 70s, the Swedish furniture market was stagnant, IKEA naturally turn their attention to the international market. Then IKEA group began a huge globalization of market from that time. In the road of international expansion, IKEA Annual Report (2002) showed that Inter IKEA Systems B.V granted franchises as part of a detailed international expansion scheme. IKEA implemented the brand integration strategy, in order to form the absolute control of the brand. IKEA is not content with merely control of even the world’s largest furniture products channel, IKEA group would hope that their own brands and its own proprietary products can eventually cover the world. IKEA pioneered the â€Å"brand integration† model, which achieve the manufacturer brands and retail brands to fusion of commercial brands  perfectly. Based on this concept, IKEA has been insisted all products by their own personally designed and have the patent, each year more than 100 designers worked in the day and night to ensure that â€Å"all products, all of the patent† in order to achieve all the products are marked â€Å"Design and Quality, IKEA of Sweden† targets. So for IKEA is concerned, it didn’t have the so-called â€Å"upstream manufacturers† pressure, or any manufacturer could give it so-called â€Å"distribution chain management.† In terms of IKEA is the world’s only success of the organization to put up both channel management and product management, its â€Å"integrated brand strategy† is the large key to the successful integration of industrial chain. 4. Foreign Market Segmentation and Targeting Early in this year, IKEA has opened many stores and market was very mature in the Europe. Until 1985 IKEA decided to enter the North America market. Although it didn’t achieve success like experience across the Europe in the beginning of in the USA, IKEA has adopted adaptive strategies according to local actual situation. It got the finally success in the USA market. Forthwith it expended quickly in the Asia. IKEA has six areas in the world until now, which is Europe, North America, Middle East, Asia Pacific and Caribbean. At present, IKEA is developing the Asia market and existed markets have six countries. Three Asia countries are selected to penetrating and expanding by screening process as follows. IKEA had furniture market and wanted to expand in Singapore and China, In addition, Korea is very beneficial market for IKEA while not yet opened. Singapore is the developed country, but come under the world financial crisis and slump in global trade impact, this exceptionally o pen economy (exports of goods and services represent over 200% of GDP) GDP fell by 9.5% from the first quarter of 2008 to the first quarter of 2009(Appendix 1). Private consumption fell from 2008’s levels, which declined by 0.5%. In order to deal with weakness in private consumption, government expenditure accelerated to promote and enhance the public’s consumption of 8.3% (Appendix 2). Korea is also well-developed country in Asia. Despite the world economic deep impact on Korea, Korea staged a strong recovery in 2009. GDP grew by 0.2% in the year (Appendix 3). Weak private consumption rebounded before early 2009 (Appendix 4), which is the most obvious change in durable goods and services. Consumer  sentiment improved during the year. China, the economic rate and consumption rate are the highest over these Asia countries. GDP is forecast to grow by 9.6% in 2010. Growth will be stronger in the first half of 2010.China economic situation is superb (Appendix 5). Private consumption growth is forecast to speed up to 12% in 2010, from 9.0% in 2009, responding to rising incomes and improving consumer confidence (Appendix 6). Based on the above considerations, IKEA should consider expending Asia market. In my opinion, China is worth of investment. Because of large area and population, IKEA should open in all capital cities in China. From opened the first store in 1998, IKEA developed slowly in China. According to the IKEA Web site, China’s market identity is the largest supplier as a worth of 15 billion U.S. dollars market every year, not is the biggest sales market. Currently, IKEA has 350 suppliers in China, 21% of the world’s goods from China. Because of Chinese consumer awareness of its own position with IKEA dislocation, this is precisely an important factor of the slow expansion of IKEA in China. With the rise of local home chains, as well as foreign opponents’ attack, to maintain the position in the Chinese domestic m arket, IKEA must expand. Publicly available data, now IKEA hold home products market in China account for 43% of the share. To sum up, IKEA’s expansion and development is necessary and very beneficial in China. 5. Environmental Analysis IKEA International Group, a furniture group aims to provide customers with variety of good-looking& affordable home products worldwide, is said to be an miracle of business in the last century. Now it has over 200 retail stores in over 30 countries. It needs considerable of analysis before entering foreign markets. 5.1 SWOT Analysis Strengths of IKEA †¢ Well known in China. Chinese consumers knew IKEA as a big brand before it entered China market, so this helps IKEA to enter Chinese market more smoothly. †¢ Highly reputation. As IKEA is a globally brand, Chinese customers regard it more reliable than other furniture companies. †¢ Stable relationship. IKEA could get materials at a reasonable price due to the stable relationships that between IKEA and its suppliers. †¢ Plate packing. By using plate packing, IKEA could reduce cost from transportation and storage. †¢ Environmental protective and healthy material for customers. What material IKEA choose are both environmental protective and healthy, which enable customers use IKEA products without trepidation. Weaknesses of IKEA †¢ Much reliant on Europe Market. 82% IKEA stores located in this region so IKEA will have difficulties to face the Asia market. (Ikea United Kingdom (2005) www.ikea.co.uk Accessed 23rd Nov 2005) †¢ Unreasonable rout design. When shopping in IKEA you have to walk along the only aisle IKEA set and will get no way to go backward. What’s more, you still have to go along the aisle till the item you want although you have decided what to buy. This may cost customers much time on it. †¢ Inflexible promotion. Due to the low price, there is no more room for IKEA to provide with promotions on products. †¢ High price for Chinese consumers. Although products price in Chinese market are almost lowest in the world, many Chinese consumers still can not afford them. IKEA should price the products based on the Chinese actual situation in order to get profit. †¢ Distribution problems. In China, popularization of cars is not high like IKEA other market, so it will take several days for customers to wait for the distribution from IKEA and also they will be charged a high amount of distribution fee for it. Opportunities of IKEA †¢ Variety in goods categories. There are about 9,500 household items in IKEA, which is far more than other furniture companies. Customers will have more chance to choose from when shopping at IKEA. †¢ Green IKEA. What IKEA advocated is that to live a green life so this can be a good point which attracts customers. Threats of IKEA †¢ Professional malls. Some big professional malls such as professional bathe mall, professional kitchen mall maybe one big threat, customers may prefer the professional mall when they just buy bathroom or kitchen products. †¢ Other brands. There are many household brands in Chinese market now, such as B&Q, Macalline, etc. Some of them are local brands so they know Chinese market better than IKEA. †¢ Change of customers needs. Customers needs will  not be the same all year long, IKEA have to research frequently and find out what is profitable in order to make profits. 5.2 Environmental Analysis of Host Country- China Political system China is a socialist country powered by the Communist Party and a new People’s Republic of China was established in 1949. In 1978, China initiated the â€Å"reform and open† policy which emancipated the mind of Chinese people and make them become innovated in the future. The year when IKEA has first entered Chinese market was 1998 and it was just the 20th anniversary since Chinese â€Å"reform and open† policy in 1978. As a developing socialist country, China is fresh to most people and groups in rest of the world and it is really of great potential because it was more and more independent as China is developing day by day, many international groups have realized how potential the China market would be and then started to locate there branch companies in China at that time. As a developing country, China will always persist in taking the positive attitude towards all the advantageous investments from abroad. In the incoming year 2001 China accessed to the World T rade Organization successfully, which makes China a more open country and market. Economical environment in China There are 8 cities (in 6 provinces) (one of the eight is opening soon) in China where IKEA Group located its retail stores. Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Sichuan, etc. The forms below are showing the contrast of economical phenomenon between these locations and the rest. From the appendix 7 we can see the national average of disposable income in 2008 is about 15000yuan per capita, while the disposable income per capita in the six locations are mostly far more than the average figure. This means IKEA positioned itself in a more economic developing area while its target customers have higher total income and disposable income. Appendix 8 is part of the household consumption expenditure by region in 2008. It is clear that the six IKEA retail locations are all at the higher level of the consumption of expenditure than other areas. The high consumption expenditure in these six locations shows more buying potential to products. Appendix 9 is part of the total investment in fixed assets in the whole country by status of  registration and region in 2008.Most of the foreign investment in six provinces (Beijing and Shanghai are direct-controlled municipalities) are higher than other areas where IKEA didn’t locate its retail stores at. This illustrates that the more the foreign investment an area has the more open the area will be, the more easily the people accept the foreign products and ideas. Social environment Demographics †¢ Population and Density China has the largest amount of population in the world. In other world, it is the biggest potential market in the world. The eight cities where IKEA located his stores in all have large amount of population, especially Shanghai& Jiangsu& Guangdong because they are all along the coast in China. Places along the coast in China always have high density of population for there are more chances to get money and good development for individual at those places. Population stands for the purchasing power while more population means more potential purchasing power. †¢ Living standards Youth in China are more open minded than before, they will after whatever they like from abroad. As the development of economic and the quickening pace of life some so-called â€Å"white collars† in China don’t have much time and money to buy some luxurious furniture and IKEA is a good choice for them because what IKEA initiates is simple, durable and affordable furniture. In China, it is a fashion action to buy furniture from IKEA. 5.3 From the perspective of IKEA International Group †¢ IKEA located its Chinese headquarter in Beijing at the beginning when it came to China but in 2003 the headquarters moved to Shanghai because IKEA regards Shanghai a central city of China for it has the convenient sea transportation as well as the air transports which are advantages for IKEA, an international group couldn’t live without transport. †¢ IKEA relocated its Asian headquarter from Singapore to Shanghai which shows the great appreciation to large potential market in China. 6. International Marketing Objectives According to the previous analysis, the advantages and disadvantages for IKEA to develop in China are clear. Now IKEA have to make its marketing objectives in China market according to the analysis above. †¢ IKEA has high reputation among Chinese youth; word of mouth can be a good way of advertising so its targeting audience should be young person. In this case, lower the cost of operating a retail store is what should do next. †¢ The products in IKEA China are good but the delivery fee is terribly high. This will reduce the loyalty of customers. †¢ There are eight (one of the eight is opening soon) IKEA retail stores in China till 2010, as the World Exposition is coming, economic in Shanghai is going to greatly boom, so hope to open 1or 2 more stores outside the central Shanghai next year would be better. As the previous analysis we can see there are still some cities have the potential to run a IKEA retail store so IKEA could take a few cities into account such as Ha ngzhou, Tianjin, etc. 7. Foreign Market Entry Strategy Having done all the analysis about china’s market penetration, we are now facing the decision of which foreign market entry mode to use. Several factors need to be given full scrutiny before we choose from the grouping of entry modes. Internal factors are the deciding roles here in the strategy which should be considered with priority. They are mainly concerned with the firm itself. †¢ Ownership advantages It can be understood as asset-based advantages which include the firm’s resource ability, reputation, origin of country, potential of future growth and so on. Apparently, Ikea Group has both the tangible and intangible resources to enter Chinese market, even the brand name itself is a huge selling point. What the brand stands for are creative design, durability and functionality, and all of the three are not quite transferable, thus the transaction cost here is high, so we recommend joint venture as its entry mode further into Chinese market. †¢ Location How the furniture be shipped from A to B onto the shelf for display is important, since it has much to do with the cost of the business. Since Ikea has entered into china, most of the furniture is imported from Sweden.  Undoubtedly, this approach increases cost dramatically. Cooperate with local partner can help Ikea build good relationship with local suppliers. Further more, furniture manufacturing industry shows the tendency of transfer the production facilities to developing countries which offers relatively low labor cost, huge consuming market and stable political and economic environment (Capdevielle, Li & Nogal 2007) From this point of view, joint venture is a better choice which offer a great time and opportunity for Ikea boost its future plan of turning China into the supply center of in Asia. (Carpell 2006) †¢ Internationalization Experience & Global Strategy toward China According to Ikea website, up until August 2009, it had 267 stores and had trading service offic es in 26 countries and 28 distribution centers and 11 customer distribution centers in 16 countries. (http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_GB/about_ikea/facts_and_figures/index.html). Ikea opened its first store in China in 1998, and in the past 12 years it had up to 7 stores in mainland China, most of which are joint ventures. Shenyang Store is coming soon, planed to open in the middle of the year. Ikea expects to have 10 large stores up and running in China by 2010. (The China business review, 7-8, 2004) It strongly proves that Ikea has confidence and ambition in China. However, it is easier said than done. To accomplish its expectationï ¼Å'Ikea still got two more stores to construct. It should speed up in this plan. Considering this background, China’s market penetration can greatly reduce cost and risk. External factors should also be given careful consideration. They are basically having things to do with the overall target market environment. †¢ Social-cultural Factor When carry out the penetration plan, marketers should be cautious about China’s specific features, such as the diverse cultures which is bred by the vast territory, various kinds of business practice, different consuming philosophies, and all of these are quite difficult for foreigners to grasp on. In entering into a new market, the region size, rate of market and potential purchase power shall be the determinant parameters, so a local helper is needed. †¢ Political/ Economic Factor Before china entered WTO, government requires all foreign company to cooperate with local partner in order to help domestic enterprise to develop  their business and learn the advanced management skills [1]. Although the regulation had already been ended, not many firms shifted from joint venture to wholly owned store. Although the trend for future stores is wholly owned mode, it is still too soon to risk all the Ikea stores switch to this mode. From all the above, we strongly recommend the next few stores to open in the east part of China use the entry mode of joint venture to further expand its market, and strengthen its place in China. 8. Product/Service Mix Preparation Product and service are the essential elements in the development of company, the product of IKEA is designed by the purpose of simplifying, and the service believes the rule of do-it-yourself. However, with the special culture, economy and life style in China, IKEA should take some necessary change on its product, strategy, brand and service. 8.1 Product adaptation First, it is the endurance and practicability of product need to strengthen. Though IKEA has its own requirement and test on the quality of product, according to the latest research (Li 2009), it seems just aim at some special product, such as bedroom furniture, chair. Meanwhile, the equipment of kitchen class and bookcase are not as good as them. Thus, IKEA should pay attention to their entire product, every product needs to be test by certain standard. Second, IKEA has too much product, which makes the table of contents be also long. As there is too much choice for customers, it makes them nervous on how to choose the most suitable one. That is to say, IKEA needs to condense the table of product and makes it clear and simple, the customer would find the product they want first. 8.2 Product publicity IKEA used a lot of advertising in Europe and the United States, but there are so few in China and these ones are simple and bored, it makes large number of people know little about its product. On the other hand, the product of IKEA use environmental protection of materials and advanced ones, but most customers do not know them, because IKEA has few actions to explain it in China, while it is doing enough publicity in Europe. Therefore, IKEA should put more energy and time on advertising and publicity, such as television advertising, as there is a very large population watching TV. Moreover, it  is useful to support some event, for example, Sichuan Earthquake. Also it is important to make them interesting and attractive, it would give the design concept of DIY to the customers. 8.3 Product price IKEA is well known as good quality and cheap price because of its centralized purchasing and professional logistics, and it makes most people have ability to buy them. But in China, the price is higher than others, this makes most customers just look them. So there are some useful ways help IKEA reduce the high price. First, it is necessary to build a new production base in China, as now the production base is in Malaysia, which provides the product to the Asia. This way would avoid the import tariff, because the import tariff in China is a big one. Second, it also helps IKEA reduce the transport costs, whether transport by air or by ship, the cost is not a small number. Third, there are many small finished factories in China, IKEA should take more material from them, not in overseas. What is more, IKEA should give them a certain size of order, this helps make the price lower for competition. 8.4 New product development As it is known that there is a too lager population in China, it makes the house of China be smaller than other countries, it means that there are limited spacing for putting the furniture. Thus, a good idea for IKEA is to develop the new product that can be folded, it saves the space for customers, and this also makes the customers would buy more products due to it needs little space. 8.5 Market expansion In 1998, IKEA came into the Chinese market first in Shanghai, from then to now, it has pasted twelve years, but the number of IKEA place in China is only 7, meanwhile, it has 240 ones in the world. From the data, you can know the speed of its development in China is so slow. It loses much choice. Hence, IKEA should build many new shopping places in the important cities, such as the southeast of China, because the cities in this area develop fast and the consumption capacity of customers is suitable for IKEA. 8.6 Service Mix The service in Europe is do-it-yourself, but the situation is not the same in  China, most people in China do not have cars, so customers need IKEA provide home delivery service, IKEA do it, but the charge of it is high. For example, a customer buys a small chair of 79 yuan, but the cost for delivering is 60 yuan, it is not worth for customers. Therefore, IKEA should reduce the rate of delivering charge, and it is effective to provide the installation for free, as almost all of the competitors support the free installation. Another strategy is using some staffs to introduce and recommend the product for customers, because Chinese people is different from others, they like someone talking the information to them, sometimes they also accept the staffs’ selection on the product. 9. Conclusion To sum up, IKEA has become a successful international company with a wide range of products, and its global experience and unique strategy has led it occupy the large market share. But there are also some problems blocking its development in other countries because of the different culture, economy and lifestyle. So it is time for IKEA to carry out the new strategy on balancing its brand, product, service and management in order to expand new market, and take more advantages in the competition.

Boycotts, Sanctions and Embargoes

Boycotts, sanctions and embargoes have been used for a very long time by the government to maintain social order. Although their use is characterized by lack of democracy, autocratic leaderships as well as dictatorial leaderships, the three terms have come to be recognized as international tools of dealing with rogue nations especially when such are applied by the international community through world recognized bodies such as the UN.While boycotts refer to the act of desisting from using a certain product of engaging in relationship with a given organization or individual it may also be applied to individuals such as presidents and political leaders as a means of coercing such to comply with the given code of conduct . Boycotts, sanctions and embargoes as applied to South Africa during the apartheid era were used as tools of suppressing the apartheid rule to recognize the rights of the blacks in South Africa. Boycotts, sanctions and embargoes are only effective if there is internati onal solidarity on the dimension on which they can be applied.For such tools can never be effective if applied in small proportions. Beginning in the late 1960s throughout to the early 1990s the international community put pressure on the apartheid rule in South Africa to recognize the rights of the blacks in South Africa. The successive handover of independence to South Africans can be partly attributed to the effectiveness of the boycotts, sanctions and embargoes. The history of boycotts, sanctions and embargoes can be traced back to the 1700s with colonial boycotts of British trade goods during the colonization of America by the Britains .In the 1800 boycotts were evident and were successfully used as a tool to fight slave trade when different nations such as France, the Balkans and the Americas called for their population to boycott and resist from buying goods or products originating from slave fields . This led to the colonial masters to understand the dissent and dislike of s lave trade as a practice. This amongst other factors can be used to explain the eventual abolishment of slave trade in late 18th century.Boycotts were used by the anti-apartheid movement in two folds, either as a threat or an actual action aimed at eliciting the desired reaction from the apartheid rule to hasten the hand over of independence to South Africa . The pervasive nature of the boycotts made the boycotts to be viewed by the apartheid movement as one of the effective tools in that whenever boycotts were called either from the international community or by the south Africans themselves it would deal a big blow to the smooth functioning of the apartheid government.This was the desired effect on the government given the ability of boycotts to disrupt the normal functioning of government. For instance, the South African apartheid government depended on exports of products such as gold, diamond and uranium and therefore successful boycotts meant that the apartheid government woul d be denied the much-needed income to carry on its governance issues .Boycotts were so effective in South Africa such that they are classified as one of the greatest factors which led to the fall of the apartheid regime considering the fact that South Africa relied on export of its goods to earn foreign exchange. The anti-apartheid in South Africa played a critical role in ensuring that the boycotts received international recognition hence the reason why much of the campaigning was directed towards achieving official state sponsored international support.International anti-apartheid movement as it applied to South Africa was founded on tenets such as the belief in the right of every human being to fundamental right to freedom, self-rule, the right to every state to be independent, the right to recognition and upholding of every people’s culture and beliefs as well as the social and moral responsibility of the international community to fight apartheid irrespective of who prac tices it or who perpetrates it. The above tenets formed the basis for the international anti-apartheid movement and were consequential in the subsequent defeat of apartheid in South Africa.International solidarity is manifested in the ability of nations of the world to join together and advocate for a common goal . In regard to an apartheid movement in South Africa solidarity was demonstrated in sanctions and embargoes enforced by the international community to fight apartheid. In that sense the international community shows the intention to decapitate the legal framework with apartheid rule upholds as a means of sustaining the economic dominance over people.In the case of South Africa the Boers segregated Africa by making sure that the quality of education they received was insufficient to guarantee them good position in the labour market . This greatly relegated the natives to abject poverty in that they were economically not a match to the Boers. Apart from denial of access to ed ucation, the native South Africans were denied equal opportunities even in situations whereby they possessed equal qualifications to those of the whites. In addition, the apartheid rule dictated where the Africans could own property as well as what kind of trade they could conduct.This meant that economically, the Africans were at a disadvantage. At the policy level all policies were biased against the Africans and this meant that it was very hard for them to achieve the economic independence required to wage any meaningful ‘war’ against the mighty white rule. This shows how the Africans were incapable of successfully fighting apartheid on their own. Without international solidarity as demonstrated in the international apartheid movement the native South Africans would not have achieved independence.Where the Africans lacked the economic power to fight apartheid, the international community showed solidarity by enforcing sanctions, which would greatly reduce the whiteâ €™s economic prowess . Pressure from the international community led to the call of boycotts and expulsion of South Africa from participating in the international sporting events . This was too much for the apartheid rule to bear as embargoes such as expulsion from world sporting events and the calls for boycotts of the consumer goods meant that South Africa was slowly drifting away from the international community .Even before the official handover of independence to the South Africans the impact of the international community intervention was evident and by 1985 the apartheid rule started doing away with some apartheid practices such as forced ejections from homes, classification based on colour, as well as the denial of equal opportunities . As the internal resistance waged by the South Africans through their umbrella party ANC sufficed international relations worsened as the sanctions, embargoes and boycotts were unbearable to the apartheid rule.The support from the internat ional community accorded to the native South Africans acted as a morale booster and as a result the native South Africans took the fight against apartheid a note higher as all social groups took to the fight. As a result of international solidarity in calling of the eradication of apartheid in south Africa, the natives regained confidence and the fight against apartheid changed tactics from confrontational needs to more subtle means such as freedom songs, as well as the use of black owned media to produce films which called for the end to apartheid .In the contemporary society international solidarity contributes largely to political struggle. This takes other forms other than embargoes, boycotts and sanctions for instance, international recognition of democratically elected governments. For example, in the present day Somalia, it is the leadership, which gains international support, which enjoys credence and credibility. For instance, the Islam court government could not successful ly lead in Somalia because it lacked the support of the international community.International solidarity calling for the recognition of the democratically elected leadership lead to the ousting of the Islam courts’ led government barely six months after it had seized power from yet another leadership; the tribal led government. The case of Somalia clearly shows that international solidarity can play a role in winning struggles not only the struggle against apartheid but also other struggles against terrorism, colonialism as well as dictatorial regimes.However, there is a need for caution in how the international community plays its role when it comes to intervention in conflict situations. There is evidence that most international actions are informed by the leadership of specific groups as opposed to being informed by the need for impartiality, fairness and the observation of international law. The moment international community degenerates into a tool for certain groups in the struggle, the effectiveness of the international community to fight against oppression of a given people whether in apartheid, colonial or occupation.The international community should base their support on any given group on merit but not other factors such as on the basis of friendship with the leadership of a given struggle movement. The international community has in the past made grave mistakes by supporting struggle leaders who later turned out to be no better than the oppressive powers. This can be clearly demonstrated in the case of leaders who have taken over from dictatorial regimes with the full support of the community only to turn out to be worse than the ousted regimes.For the official leadership of any struggle to receive international support, it must clearly demonstrate its ability to end aggression once it takes power. Such official leadership must have put in place proper mechanism to deal with issues of poor governance, which often lead to difficulties in lea dership once such a struggle movement, takes power. It is therefore paramount that the international community serves the role of a mediator rather than actively being involved in the political activities in any given struggle.Sanctions, boycotts and arms embargoes have been criticized for going in contravention of freedom and autonomy of states especially in cases whereby the sanctions, boycotts and embargoes are imposed on independent sates for reasons ranging from; failure to honor some demands by donors which may not be in the best interest of such nations or in other cases where embargoes, sanctions and boycotts are solely motivated by the need to exert influence over a regime which has fallen out of touch with the wishes of western powers.For instance, the world is currently witnessing a situation whereby there is a tendency by the United States of America to endorse boycotts and sanctions to nations which fail to support it or collaborate with it on fronts such as the war aga inst terrorism. This leads to questions on how appropriate it is for the United States of America and other developed Nations to dictate to independent nations on how they can handle their internal affairs.For example, the sanctions imposed on Iran solely on grounds that, the country is developing weapons of mass destruction are a clear indication of how sanctions, boycotts and embargoes can be imposed at will by the powerful nations to the detriment of militarily and economically weaker nations. This has been a cause of tensions in the Middle East region and it threatens to get worse and spill into an international conflict. Embargoes lead to the suffering of citizens whose country is brought under sanctions.In addition, embargoes, sanctions and boycotts increase vulnerability for such a country to face external attacks if arms embargoes are imposed. The above clearly demonstrate that, in as much as sanctions, embargoes and boycotts are useful in containing the capacity of dictator ial regimes, apartheid regimes and rebel movements, if not well regulated, they can lead to atrocities against the people they are meant to protect or liberate. Where sanctions, embargoes and boycotts are imposed haphazardly, citizens suffer. In addition, the countries under arms embargoes become more vulnerable to attacks.In addition sanctions, arms embargoes, and boycotts can lead to heightened regional and international relations characterized by tensions. There is a need to de-emphasize the use of sanctions and embargoes and concentrate on other methods of intervention in times of crisis. While sanctions, embargoes and boycotts can create an opportunity for abuse of human rights, abuse of independence of states and unnecessary interference in the running of internal affairs of independent countries, other alternatives such as negotiations can work marvelously and cause less undesired effects.In addition, an alternative such as diplomacy is les expensive to implement in the long run. Diplomacy is usually given a wide support by nations of the world compared to sanctions, boycotts and embargoes. For instance, although there are sanctions in place against the current regime in Zimbabwe specifically targeting the leadership of President Robert Mugambe, not every nation in the world supports the measure as some countries like China have gone ahead with healthy trade ties with Robert Mugambe.This clearly indicates that, sanctions are not always ideal and must only be applied selectively as opposed to being applied blatantly. In conclusion, it is clear from the discussion above that international intervention in form of enforcing boycotts, sanctions and embargoes against the apartheid rule in South Africa was effective in the fight and eventual defeat of apartheid. The international campaign, which saw South Africa being banned from participating in international sporting events as well as the calls for boycotts of South African products, was greatly successful a s a tool to fighting apartheid.At the center of the struggle against apartheid was the apartheid movement, which coordinated the anti-apartheid struggle and advocated for the imposition of embargo, sanctions and boycotts. The case of apartheid struggle is a clear demonstration of the power of international solidarity in relation to the politics of a particular struggle and how international solidarity can greatly influence the outcome of the given struggle. Reference Lodge, T. 1983. Black Politics in South Africa since 1945.Johannesburg; Ravan Press. Mandela, N. 1994. Long Walk to Freedom. Abacus. Meli, F. 1988. South Africa Belongs to Us: A History of the ANC. London. James Currey. Robert, Innes 2006. A Theory of Consumer Boycotts and a Symmetric Information and Imperfect Competition. Economic Journal. Robert, Innes 2006. A Theory of Consumer Boycotts and a Symmetric Information and Imperfect Competition. Economic Journal. Seagal, R. ed. 1964. Sanctions Against South Africa. Pengui n.

Legal Risk and Opportunity in Employmnet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal Risk and Opportunity in Employmnet - Essay Example When employees work at the discretion of their employers, it can be said to be ‘employment at will’ (Jennings, 2005, p. 727). An employment at will means that either employer or employee can terminate the agency relationship at anytime with or without apparent reason that employer can act in discriminatory manner. According to Jennings (2005), an employee who is appointed by an oral or written agreement is considered to be an agent and he has express authority to act on behalf of the employer. â€Å"In an agency relationship, one party agrees to act on behalf of another party according to the directions given to him. It is a relationship that exists by common consent in which both parties agree to it and it is a relationship that is fiduciary in nature† (Chapter-18, p.701). Pat has been provided a Personnel Manual that mentioned the process for dealing with unsatisfactory employee and hence he believed that his employer’s freedom to fire him at will was limited. If an employee has exercised a right which was supported by public policy and the employer reacted against it, then a wrongful discharge suit can be claimed. In the legal encounter one, Pat has insisted that sports funds should be equally allocated, but, his position on this issue was unpopular. He was unidentified by anyone in the school board. Pat believed that it created unfriendliness and resulted to his discharge from NewCorp. Employee must be informed of the deficiency and placed on a Corrective Action Plan if his performance is unsatisfactory. Jennings (2005) emphasizes that â€Å"one of the factors that determine whether a personnel manual and its terms constitute a contract is the reliance of an employee on its procedures and terms† (chapter 18, p. 727). Legal Encounter two creates a dilemma for NewCorp between electrical manufacturing supervisor Sam and his employee Paula. It is a case of

Social Media Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Media Companies - Essay Example Everything is two sided, Facebook is no different. It has its pros as well as its cons. This proposal will comprehensively present how Facebook is negatively impacting the Saudi society. â€Å"Facebook is taking over the world, and that’s no exaggeration. Everyone from eager-to-fit-in tweens to educated business people to intrigued grandparents has joined the phenomenon, and unsurprisingly many teenagers have also caught Facebook fever.† (Facebook Addiction) The people in Saudi Arabia are very hard-working but they have been distracted by Facebook, their valuable time is being squandered browsing through Facebook. This is hampering their growth and this is also hampering the overall growth of the country. The younger generation is completely hooked on to Facebook and they use slang language which is again bad for them. Using slang language is affecting their language skills and making them incompetent. Facebook has had its share of problems; thieves use Facebook to know when certain people are going on vacation so that they can rob their house. Credit card numbers have been stolen using Facebook; a woman in Australia was murdered when she went and met her friend who she had met through Facebook. All these instances show that people in Saudi Arabia are losing their privacy and are openly flirting with danger. â€Å"Facebook and its co-founder Mark Zuckerberg are being sued for more than $1billion over a page that was on the social networking site that called for violence against Jews.† (Facebook Sued) This is just one of many evidences which clearly show that this social networking website can cause religious havoc and this is why the people in Saudi Arabia should never get carried away with what they see on this website. It has already caused political havoc in the middle-east which has led to several economical problems; it has also led to vandalism. The same may happen all over again and it is high time to stop this from happening. Saudi Arabia is a very conservative country; the majority of people residing in the country are Muslims. Islam is openly discussed on the website and people with very little or absolutely no knowledge about Islam have been spreading propaganda which could again lead to damage beyond repair. Facebook is also considered a rich source of news by the Saudi people who use it on a daily basis, there is a possibility that other people may try and spread false news which may impact the nation. To conclude it is very fair to say that Facebook addiction is nothing but a waste of time, money and effort. It is high time to spread this message and to ensure that the productive time of people does not get wasted on Facebook. Companies can certainly profit from these websites but they should stay away from controversy as much as plausible. Works Cited Facebook Addiction. Facebook Addiction Disorder. n.p., Web. Retrieved from: Facebook Sued. Daily Mail. n.p., Web. Retri

Sin in The Kite Runner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sin in The Kite Runner - Essay Example He has the protective umbrella of his culture, his religion Islam, for all his evil deeds. The immediate action may be brutal, intentional killing but it has been committed to serve a greater cause of religion. But that is acceptable as per a particular culture and will not have universal acceptance from the point of view of humankind as a whole. The pages of human history are daubed, drenched and soaked in the blood of such evil deeds and attempts have been made for ethnic cleansing through mass killings. This is comparable to the mass demolition operations of residential and commercial properties by an authorized government agency in compliance with the laws of the land, howsoever bad may be the law in the ordinary parlance. So the concept of theft elaborated by Baba in the novel, needs to be understood along with the concept of property. Property is something owned and also the right of ownership. Baba propounds this view when he elucidates, "There is only one sin, only one. And t hat is theft. Every other sin is a variation of theft....When you kill a man, you steal a life. You steal his wife's right to a husband; rob his children of a father. When you tell a lie, you steal someone's right to the truth. When you cheat, you steal the right to fairness." (18) But Baba does not stand up to his professed conviction in his own case. Amir comes to know that Hassan is his half-brother which means Baba has stolen Amir’s right to truth throughout his youth and till this fact comes to his notice. The issue has further serious dimensions. Baba’s sexual relationship with another man’s wife is equivalent of committing the universal sin... The novel â€Å"The Kite Runner,† the author discusses whether atonement of sins is possible. One of the ways to atone the sins of the past is to challenge them. Amir tries to do the same. It is not possible for anyone, Amir included, to escape from sins committed in the past, as they have already happened. Amir has no way to escape his guilt. He must be suffering for it every day, in his every thought and in every type of societal disposition. Each and every molecule of his mind and body must have been surcharged with the negativities generated out of his sins.   It must be haunting at all times, in all situations. The author explains about Amir’s social position thus: â€Å"Amir, the socially legitimate half, the half that represented the riches he had inherited and the sin-with-impunity privileges that came with them.† But Amir is not to be blamed for what is inherited by him, for he is in no way responsible for that action. Two important observations about sin at the end of the novel set the reader thinking. The author writes, â€Å"I pray, I pray that my sins have not caught up with me the way I’d always feared they would. A STARLESS BLACK NIGHT falls over Islamabad† and something more is in the store about America. He writes, â€Å"America, you don’t reveal the ending of the movie, and if you do, you will be scorned and made to apologize profusely for having committed the sin of spoiling the End.† By now the reader must be feeling bewildered to know the vast dimensions of sin.

Cloud Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cloud Computing - Essay Example Tayade (2014) explains that due to the emerging complexity of mobile devices, security trends are becoming more prevalent in various firms. Yang et al. (2011) explains that cloud computing in organizations has been essential in the fact that it assists easier access and processing of information. The cloud computing systems have also assisted in effective storage of sensitive information in order to provide minimum security operations. The organizations have been made possible to use enforceable password to unlock screens and implement automatic lock on the device using cloud computing. Cloud computing systems also result in fixed device encryption, which has been installed to maintain the confidentiality of sensitive data whenever there is any theft or loss of the device. Anti-virus, firewall, or anti-malware software is installed in cloud computing systems (Tayade, 2014). Performing system scans has been beneficial since it assists check for any malicious threats or viruses. Ren et al. (2011) argue that cloud computing users do not install applications directly from the internet without having any assurance that the product to be installed is safe or has no malicious code. As such, restrictions on cloud computing users are advantageous because the operators can download applications from any websites and perform third-party software installation (Tayade, 2014). Cloud computing has become an attractive target for many cybercriminals, and the susceptibility of open source application is well documented. This occurs mainly in organizations that use mobile and cloud computing appliances to download apps without applying security practices like installing antivirus software to their devices (Tayade, 2014). Ren et al. (2011) indicate that when suspicious threat occurs, the organizations can limit and restrict mobile access by customers by applying some hardening steps to mitigate security trends. Various organizations face refined cyber security problems

Virtual academy in fuction of Long Life Learning Thesis

Virtual academy in fuction of Long Life Learning - Thesis Example The research holds the concept that the time constraints and place are eliminated in virtual academies. Stacy & Riley, in  "Teaching in Virtual Worlds: Opportunities and Challenges", suggested that virtual worlds play an effective role in learning process as learning environment is generalized rather than contextual. A research by Travis & Price, â€Å"Instructional culture and distance learning†, stated that the use of virtual technologies to deliver courses in education has challenged faculty to examine their culture of teaching and faculty must examine the impact of these technologies on different aspects of coaching. An article by Russel, â€Å"Is Virtual Schooling a Virtual Reality?† identified three categories of virtual schools i.e.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"independent, collaborative  and  broadcast†Ã‚  models. It was also discussed in the study that virtual schools aim at expansion of education facilities to those who cannot go to proper schools and help them to ed ucate themselves while being at home. There are some models too that are used in virtual academies in order to better educate the users.

Baby Bottle Tooth Decay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Baby Bottle Tooth Decay - Research Paper Example The first advantage associated with acquisition is the undeniably, outright growth of an existing business. For instance if company A buys company B, the size of company A now becomes A+B, which means that there become an outright growth. This outright growth caters for the possibilities associated with starting a business and failing. It also caters for other basic company routines such as recruitment, placement and orientation; some of which do not always end well. Leading on from the first advantage, acquisition ensures that the buyer enjoys a ready-made organizational structure, system and culture. In business, there is no denying the fact that establishing an organization may not be as difficult as establishing or setting up a organizational structure, system or culture. Gourley notes that â€Å"organizational culture is defined as the shared values, norms and expectations that govern the way people approach their work and interact with each other.† This explains the extent to which organizational culture could be difficult for most businesses that are started from the scratch. Buying a company therefore saves an entrepreneur from the hassle of getting a new organizational culture in place. The very last advantage has to do with the inheritance of corporate publicity. Corporate publicity simply refers to the kind of popularity a company has in the eyes of consumers and buyers. These days, most investors target well established and publicized companies when they are buying. This makes it possible for them to inherit the popularity of the existing company. It also makes money voted into publicity very minimal. The best part of inheriting corporate popularity is the inheritance of customers. Customers are the lifeline of every company. It is their inputs that make up the revenues for companies. Building a strong customer base is however very difficult to do. When a person buys an existing company however, he automatically have the customers of the

World population Essay Example for Free

World population Essay Wouldn’t you love the peace of mind knowing there weren’t rats lurking in your walls? Rats create many problems in the world and I believe we should eliminate all rats. One reason rats need to be eliminated is they spread diseases. According to CDC (Centers for Disease Control) rats spread hemmoragic fever, Lassa fever, Leptospinosis, and many more. Having rats running around infected with possibly fatal diseases is far too dangerous. To emphasize the deadly effect rats have, we can look at the Black Plague, in which millions of people were killed by a disease rats spread. In addition rats damage many houses and buildings. Damage caused by rats adds up to millions of dollars every year. Rats can easily chew through cinderblock and wood, making few buildings unprotected. The upkeep prices of a house are far too expensive alone, added rat damage bills are simply not needed. Furthermore, rats could very easily overpopulate. Overpopulation of rats will hurt food webs, spread even more disease and cause even more structure damage. A mating pair of rats can have five litters of seven to fifteen pups a year, with the pups becoming fertile at five weeks of age. In a vacuum environment a pair of rats could theoretically produce thousands to millions of descendants in a single year. One may think rats can be helpful because they can be eaten, but they also eat a large portion of human food. Rats are constantly at war with people because we eat the same food, they eat one-fifth to one-third of the world’s human food supply. Personally I think with people starving in the world we cannot have rats eating our food. To sum up rats may provide a few advantages but the number of disadvantages will triumph. To repeat, rats need to be exterminated. Citations:www.snohd.org/Shd_EH/Resources/Rats-LetsGetRidOfThem.pdf listverse.com/2012/04/09/top-10-fascinating-facts-about-rats/ Marrin, Albert. Oh Rats! New York Penguin Group 2006.

Forever And The Aloe Vera Company Marketing Essay

Forever And The Aloe Vera Company Marketing Essay Introduction: Forever, the aloe Vera company Established in 1978, forever living product giving best health and natural product to provide healthy and long life to the people and increase their personal value. Forever is sharing their product with whole world and giving great pleasure to get importance from product. On basis of new survey, forever, the aloe Vera product company becoming giant manufacture, distributor and publisher of Aloe Vera and as well as great bee products in the world. Forever is multi-billion company over the world and operating their business over 140 countries. Forever is international headquarter located in Scottsdale, Arizona, Rex Maughan, founder, President and CEO, Directs operations worldwide, its approx 9.25 million distributors enjoy the support, tools and guidance need to live healthier and wealthier life. Since their business grew and achieve high boost 9 millions of distributors over the world, their product line is increasing by day to day, which is some product e.g. Aloe Drinks, Bee products, Nutrition, Personal Care, Skin care and weight loss etc. Parker, B (2007) Forever Living Products (UK) ltd.  Forever Living Products (UK) ltd. () 4,5 Forever Company Background: Forever living products are commence their operational business form United Kingdom and after short period of time company ready to achieve largest provider of aloe Vera services over the world. In year of 1994, company was ready to spread their magic; first they start head office to the prestigious longbridge manor in Warwick. Forever company is operating and believing on Open door strategy policy meaning for new entrants are always welcome, and regular meeting and discussion are held throughout the year. In year of 2007, Companys revenue number is $2.1 Billion, forever transferred to the United States, which is larger location of business growing industry? Forever started their business as their distribution centre and now they can store 50 containers (1,000 pellets) of product form the US. Forever company successful distributor is packing order approximately 1, 35,000 orders annually. The distribution centre hosts to give increment to distributors and provide tour facilities and o peration. Parker, B (2007) Forever Living Products (UK) ltd.  Forever Living Products (UK) ltd. () 4,5 The Business projects opportunity Scope: By through of author view mission is, We endeavour to understand our customers business so well as to be able to offer comprehensive solutions to their problems. Author is describing if your mission gives ability to solving problem and accurate understanding with customer in business. It is great achievement for company portfolio and good indication of business reputation. Basically, Forever Companys scope strategy describing in following points: Company has been successful in the past but in market so many competitors are giving challenging by global operators expanding into the world. For be successful in the business environment company developing their current product and giving more consideration on RD to improve their services and value of money. To make new implementation on territory, and expand new customer and new market in the new location. To attract and build good relation with customer and distributors, who is giving repeat business from market? To keep distributors and customer loyalty safe provide rewards scheme. Company are trying to introducing new entrants in the team because they are brining new ideas and experience and giving flexibility into the incorporate world. Scribd.com  (2010) Available: http://www.scribd.com/doc/12982888/Busines Last accessed: 10th April, 2010 Marketing Strategy Business Techniques: Through of Roger Penske quotes; We believe that our strategy of aligning our brand mix with strong brands that are gaining market share helped us to perform in a tough first quarter market. Authors: Roger penske Gillian, F  Greenlight Greater Portland  portland.com, Available: http://http://thinkexist.com/search/searchquotation.asp?search=marketing+strategy Last accessed 12th April, 2010 In business marketing there is two important company strategy: How your business will address the competitive marketplace. How you will apply and give support to your day to day operations In Todays business environment is very competitive, there many companys trying to defeat/adopt forever company marketing plan or strategy, which only key success of forever company. So company must be aware of that and they have to make essential implementation and business research to the day to day basis to make safe position in the market. Company Sales Distribution Methods: Following given points describing company sales and distribution method. Points areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The Forever Marketing Plan: Company is promoting forever product to the distributors on the basis of incentive. To promoting with other consumer and arranging meeting, conference and gate to gather with them and explaining business plan and one day they will be a company revenue maker. Companys trying to reducing paper material, advertisement cost, staff cost that why they arranging formal meeting and conference. Basically business is depended on one people to other e.g. Tree bunch or queue. Marketing plan is only depend on people whos existing in business and they have to introduce new people in the business. Forever living company has good, long track history with new goods and services and forever product improving health without the same old prescriptions for how to feel better. So its give good niche for the reputed business developer. Distributors and Managers incentives and commissions: In the company new distributor price is at least 2 case credit values of goods purchases into any 2 constant months it will make you for qualify for the assistant supervisor level. On the level of supervisor will gives you 30% discount on the whole retail price and once supervisors reached to this level then, they will also eligible for the 5% month and individual bonus, then they can start to build their own team tree of business. New distributors are purchasing all products at a 15% discount on the full retail cost will be  £195 each time order of product. Assistant supervisor (2cc months) getting incentives 5% from new distributors. Supervisor(25cc 2 month) are making incentive 8% on the new distributors and 3 % on Assistant supervisors, which is give total 11% to the supervisors. Assistant Managers (75cc 2 month) are earning 8% on the top of Assistant supervisors and 5% from supervisors, so that is gives sum of 13% to Assistant managers. Finally Managers (120cc 2 month) are generating 10% from Supervisors and 5% from Assistant manager. Managers finally constant on 15% of total. BusinessTown.com  (2003) Business Plan, Available: http://http://www.businesstown.com/planning/creating-rainbow.asp Last accessed: 16thApril, 2010 Forever Business planning- Implementing plans: Business concept of Forever: The forever company has growing rapidly faster and faster and setting good position in competitive market and prepared for future. Companys trying to spread every where in the world and that why they are seeking to provide higher quality of product and services and also considering on skimming method, that is giving higher price rates, companys business will be leader in the market because, they are giving top quality, special services and high level of transaction. Forever key success reason: The success of forever is vary in importance but some are essentially very successful like companys providing high standard products, top class services and giving extra afford on distributors motivate them and they will multiple in short period of time and achieved position in the business. This business ideas is unique thats why in the market we are facing less competitors and we are growing very fast. Forever product is providing stability and peace to the customer and customers are getting their money worth back, so customer satisfaction is key success of Forever Company. Companys current situation/Financial situation: Net Asset Value: 75.10 Trade Time: Apr 19 Change:   0.37  (0.49%) Prev Close: 75.10 YTD Return*: 6.02% Net Assets*: 34.42B Yield*: 0.16% * As of 31-Mar-10 Forever companys current situation is going very well but some time they are facing some error, which is make wrong effect on business growth. But still if see growth of company is going every year high and high achieving their success. Product of company is giving great satisfaction to the consumer and feeling good by using company product. Yahoo! Finance  (2010) Fidelity Growth Company (FDGRX) , Available: http://http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=FDGRXt=1y Last accessed: 18th April, 2010 Forevers Market Analysis: following given sub points to state briefly and give full detail of market analysis. These areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The overall market of company: The overall company market is operating $150 million in the US and Canada. Company is operating two different groups, that is 1) Sales of product and 2) Adding new Entrants. First group has been operating low volume of profit but second group is generating high volume of profit, which is giving solid business competition to the completers. Company is leading business market and making higher revenue. Market Segments: The mass retailers are looking for low-priced products and high percentage of their goods and value to maintaining standard. Companys competitors are trying to make duplication of product and services which is diverting forever customer relation and stealing customer trust. Basically forever is spreading their business through of franchise. If distributors are capable enough capital and have excellent business ideas, they can also operate their own business under the forever company. Customer/consumer Needs: Customer needs are not only to enjoy benefits of product and services and also they are interested join this independent opportunities of companys business and build respected reputation in business world. Customers are demand are high about company product because of product is natural and long lasting value, which protecting them from future expenses e.g. medicine, weakness, un-healthiness and natural break down. Competitive Critical Analysis of Company: For topic explanation given points belowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Company operation overview: Across the UK and Asia there are many different firms that distribute the forever franchise. The huge majority wherever distribute only one and two low quality services as a very small filed of their overall distribution of business. In the company, there are providing many distribution firms that giving opportunities between a dozen and as many as one hundred forever products. These firms also to a wide variety of outlets including mass merchant accounts. Business opportunities: While the competitions is perfectly stand in, and giving a more of focus to, current important markets for this product, they are much less presser gaining the higher end of forever company market. Company is offering terrific potential because it has significant growth potential, and the competition is not well-introduced here. Might be company is not be largest but its appear a very strong status opportunity for a newer competitors. Threats and Risks: Company is facing some threat and uncertainty, because we are a new entrants firm, we do not anticipate a meaningful or prompt reaction our market entrance form our larger and more established competitors. We thought a solid reaction form existing distribution field is basically unlikely because the first competitors derive on a very small percent of their business from forever sales, and even that revenue is largely from different Franchise and Merchandisers. So we facing some threats like, if competitor are providing lowers their prices on the exact same products we are offering we will match their price on that product. That why we have to be keep updated with business environment changes and research, for solution forever companys is investing more money on Research and development to make unique implementation on the business. BusinessTown.com  (2003) Business Plan, Available: http://http://www.businesstown.com/planning/creating-rainbow.asp Last accessed: 16thApril, 2010 Sales and Marketing of Company: By through of Author said, Man does not only sell commodities, he sells himself and feels himself to be a commodity, and the sole purpose of marketing is to sell more to more people, more often and at higher prices. There is no other reason to do it. Erich, Sergio, F (2010)  DailyCelebrations  Sales and marketing qoutes, Available: http://http://www.dailycelebration.com/marketing2.htm Last accessed 20th April, 2010 Marketing Plan: Forever marketing plan is to work with our distributors on a day to day basis and implement innovate marketing programs for the company. Basically we are in corporate market so we have developed close working relationships with our distributors. In hence we will upgrade emphasis in new entrants sales calls to build credits. Company will closely building all of our marketing and sales efforts to project a consistent image of our company and a consistent positioning of our product or services. We will established this profile all our name Forever, The Aloe Vera Company and which we will attend meeting and conference some trade show and produce a colour catalogue these marketing initiatives are seen as supporting, not competing with our independent sales representative. Sales and Marketing Tactics: Companys primary tact is face to face selling and joining business opportunities. Spreading business opportunities hand to hand and giving importance to the need of customer and trying to displays, and in building a bigger forever business for our customers. Company will insist that our independent business tactics represent only non-competing, non-forever lines. We are organising meeting on daily basis on different location and giving motivation to the distributors and manger, they can set high target goal. Company is representing on a ledger basis, giving them incentives and bonuses on all sales of order in their exclusive territories. BusinessTown.com  (2003) Business Plan, Available: http://http://www.businesstown.com/planning/creating-rainbow.asp Last accessed: 16thApril, 2010 Michael Porters Five Forces on Forever, the Aloe Vera Company: In forever company business, the porters forces tool is playing important role to describe different characteristics on company business behaviour. It is also giving clear view to how to forever overcome their weakness and how forever can develop their fair advantage into the strength of company. These forces are also making awareness from competitors strategy, wrong steps into the business, new product failure, un-successful services or business opportunities. Reference:  http://www.metrixmedia.com/images/Porter03.gif Following point is describing company issues and assumption through of porters five forces that is stating competitive power in different situation: Supplier Power: Forever suppliers are demand increasing by day to day basis because company growth and profit margin is very high that why suppliers are forcing to the Forever to increased their power of supply. Forever product and services demand are increasing because of, they are giving life time valueless benefits. This is also kind of source where suppliers can ask for more benefits from company, if company is not agree on their demand, suppliers can switching to another company or other company competitors. If its happened then forever market value and relation with customer will affected in form of loss, diversity, failure of business. Buyer Power: Forever company product and business opportunity demand going up, so obviously consumer and distributors need will increased in form of facility, incentives, bonus, services etc. companys position is on standard and top level situation in the business market but in the business market forever have many competitors are there, those are looking for your one mistake and they will defeat you. So Forever Company aware of this, they have been flexible and understanding with buyer other wise company might be face failure in business. Buyer power is increasing because in market there is crucial competition between companies. So If forever will fail to satisfy buyer demand then could be buyer are start switching different alternative. If company deal with few, strong buyer, they are often able to dictate terms to Forever company. Competitive Rivalry: In this competition generation, if we see every one chasing their successful competitors and adopting and copying their strategy, innovation, services, schemes etc. Forever company is also market leading company that why some competitors like Fast track, kleenezee and Global world etc, are trying to defeat forever company. Forever companys always giving special consideration to make their suppliers and buyer will happy and satisfy, other wise they go elsewhere. But also company has to give a afford to whatever they do, on-one else can do, then company can often have tremendous strength in between competition. Threat of Substitution: Forever company powers unique and innovative that is reason many companies adopting and implementing their strategies on their business. E.g. for Kleenzee is adopting concept from forever company and giving tough competition to forever in the business. By this substitution companys seems to be decreasing their value in the market and their customer choosing different company product and services for this reason company might be loose their power in the market. Customer may substitute by doing the process manually or by outsourcing it. Threat of New Entrants: Todays every where competition is going in the business industry that is reason by my own point of view Present Generation is Competitive Generation New companies are just started their business, they start competition with other. Forever is giving opportunities to other people to make their own company by support of them but any how the new company are facing threat of substitution of product, services and technology etc. because of other competitors are already adopting their business tactics and strategies. That why forever always spending more investment on Research and development to regularly innovate unique ideas, which give confident to maintain their standard of services and customer trust on their company. If company have solid and effective barrier to entry, then they can perform on their position and take fail benefits of it. Porter, M (1995)  MindTools  Porters Five forces strategy, Available: http://http://thinkexist.com/search/searchquotation.asp?search=marketing+strategy Last accessed 21st April, 2010 Recommendation: When I meet face to face to the companys CEO to discuss the serious problem like many people do not know about Forever Company, because companys not Advertisement their product and independent business opportunities in different sources e.g. Newspaper, Television, Posters etc. Through of my point of view, they have to also provide variation of product, which is give different and unique experience to the consumer and its also make updated in between competitors. Implement important changes of adding an online benefits request system and provide online business opportunities, because of this company can also international customer and distributor. Forever company must be implement some important strategies like they have to provide more incentives for new distributors, that is one way to attract more distributors and once they will into the business then provide them standard percentages of incentives. Company should be provide companys financial, revenue, and profit margin information to the general people, its build trust and strong relation between customer and distributors and also for New Entrants, it will be first impression of company. In my point of recommendation, I suggest to company to give some percentage of concession on joining fees and order charges for student. Forever business offering necessary literature items and sundry items (e.g. carrier bags, guidelines book) not only to aid your product launches but also useful for education purpose and as business tools, this is also good source of education and knowledge. Conclusion of Project: Forever business has grown into as largest product selling company in the business world. Forever is not only one big business, but also million of successfully growing on home based business. It is also shared dream of many people that has made forever living the success it is. Forever is business strategy spreading all over world and providing un-forgettable service and product quality to their customer. Its also motivating people to join their business and giving opportunities to operate their own business.

Teenage Illegal Drug Use

Teenage Illegal Drug Use THESIS OUTLINE Young people using illegal drugs. Reasons for why teens use drugs. Enhance pleasure. Instant gratification. Lack of confidence. Common risk factors associated with drugs. Family history. Mental or behavioral disorder. Impulse control problems. Risk of accidents and deaths due to drug overdose. Poison deaths. Statistics about drug misuse. Increase in road accidents. Drug affects family relationships. How drugs affect parents and siblings. Destructive behavior of parents. Effects of drugs on Academics. Statistics and facts of teen use drugs and alcohol in colleges. Drop out from schools. Maintain gangs. Peer pressure. Prevention tips. Build emotional ties. Confront problems quickly. TEENAGE ILLEGAL DRUG USE THESIS STATEMENT: Teenage illegal drug use is a problem in the world today, using drugs increases risk of accidents, ruin family relationships, job prospects and academic failure. TEENS USE ILLEGAL DRUGS: Teenage illegal drug use is common in today’s world. Not every teen uses drugs; there are several risks by using drugs, which include an increase in accidents, ruining family relationships and academic failure. Drug addiction or use is highest among teens and late 20’s, according to the national survey by national survey on drug use and health NSDUH (2013), the drug usage among teenagers varied in people aged between 12-18, most of them are using illegal drugs. Teens are addicted to drugs to enhance pleasure, fun, self-medication, lack of confidence, to vary their conscious experience, relive pain, to promote and enhance social collaboration by Larsen, (n.d). From the book, drug abuse sourcebook (2013), teens take drugs to maintain gang, to escape or relax, to relive boredom, rebel and peer pressure. Illegal drugs are very hazardous used by teens (p.100). According to Dasha (2014), 60% of Canada teenagers use illegal drugs between ages 15 to 24. Teenagers also use drugs on an occasional basis and used as a part of a social life that can include parties and dating. In India, teenagers few teenagers are addicted to drugs, in villages most of them use marijuana. Europe has less number of teenagers compared with American teenagers. Drugs can affect very quickly and without knowing them, the length of time that it effects varies, it depends on how much quantity of drug taken, some drugs are legal when lawfully used for medical purposes. However, that does not mean drugs are safe. As per the survey UNODC in 2014 countries like Australia, United States of America, Spain, Urban Afghanistan and Pakistan, the illicit use of drugs is more common among the men and women. The most common risk factors associated with drugs in teenage are family history, mental or behavioral disorders and impulse control problems. Mostly, the problem starts from family history. Especially when teen parents are having drug problem, this affects the child has or teen behavior and can increase the risk to try drugs (NIDA, 2012). Depression and anxiety or deficit hyperactivity disorders in teenage can increase more risk with the use of drugs. Those who are addicted to drugs would likely going to have mental disorder problems; they suffer often from mood and anxiety disorder. This may cause physical illness or disability, brain damage. The most common factor that teens affected by impulse control disorders, this involves chronic problems in one’s ability his or her emotions and behaviors. Due to lack of self-control, teens suffer from these disorders and experience disruptions in social, personal, family and academic aspects. Using drugs, exposure to violence, family history are most common risk factors faced by teens. Parents should take care of the children’s health and behavioral problems; they should be vigilant on drug use. In the article â€Å"Young people and illegal drugs† the Australian government (2013), parents can make children healthy and safe role model, teach them how to make good decisions-get the facts, find out the risks and plan family events they can take part in. they have to keep eye on behavior and feelings. Sometimes young people who are depressed or have mental illness use drugs to help them cope with feeling bad, as per south Australian government (2013). Teens might be unusual behavior, silence, anger towards, change of friends and change in physical appearance in teens who use drugs by Australian government in the article young people and illegal drugs (2013). RISK OF ACCIDENTS AND DEATHS DUE TO DRUG OVERDOSE: The majority of the accidents and deaths in teenage are caused due to drug overdose. From the book drug abuse Larsen, (n.d.), explained about the risk of accidents and deaths are due to drug over dose. Every drug is a poison; a large amount of drug can kill the person due to accidents and poison. The legal and illegal drugs root the vast majority of poisoning deaths; According to the 2013, national survey on drug and health (NSDUH) and NIDA (2014), an approximate 9.9 million-teenager aged 12 or older are driving under the influence of illicit drugs during the year prior. This is the lower compared with 2012 by National Highway Traffic Safety and Administration (NHTSA). Vehicle accidents are lead to cause poisoning deaths from injuries among the young people between ages 16 to 19 statement by (NIDA) Drug driving; nearly 9 out of 10 deaths caused by illegal drug usage; in past four decades the motor vehicle traffic deaths increased due to poisoning by drug uses that are unintentional, suicides, undetermined intent. The comparison between boys and girls, the ratio is 2:3 compared from 1999. According to international statistics in 2005, over 4.4 million teenagers in the US admitted taking prescription painkillers and almost 50% of teens believe that prescription drugs are much safer than illegal street drugs. Up to 60 percent to 70 percent of prescription drugs used as source of drug for teenagers by drug free world by Goldberg, C. (2013, April 22). According to the World drug report (2013), few countries as Iran, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are the mostly affected in Asia related deaths using illicit drugs. In Africa, around 17,500 numbers of people including teenagers are drug related deaths (WHO, 2012). Overall, drugs can increase to accidents risk regardless of the presence of alcohol; the contribution of drugs was significantly higher than that produced by alcohol. Use of drugs while driving tends to fatal and serious injuries. DRUG AFFECTS FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS: When a child gets addicted to drugs, the entire family unit suffers of physical and mental health (Beth Covelli, 2014). According to American government survey, one in 10 teenagers between 12 and 17 years of age are illicit drugs (2009). Parents and siblings have a key role in modeling and the reinforcement of drug use by teens. Most of the Drug abuse has a lot of stress on parents and siblings declined in their health related to stress of living with the child’s drug problem by Laura (n.d). Drug use can compact parent-child relationships to prevent drug use and the family conflicts might increase, when teen take drugs they may forget because their focus is on getting and taking drugs and they may lie or steal money to purchase drugs by Nefer, B. (2005). The teen drug user might do anything that upsets neighbors and friends and make the family ashamed. Some teens who are addicted are out of control and do not see about the problems causing by themselves in drug facts by NIDA. Younger siblings of drug users can identified as at increased risk of drug exposure and intention. If the parents or brothers who addicted to drugs they may spoil the relationships in family. Most of the siblings exposed to drugs because they share the same room or house (Larsen, n.d). Drug use has a major impact on relationships; it effects the emotional, financial and psychological of the entire family and friends. The drug use tends to blame on others in families, the situations may cause negative effects on younger siblings. EFFECTS OF DRUGS USE ON ACADEMICS: Drug use on campuses is universal. According to Health study, 90% of teens have used drugs and many of their classmates are using illegal drugs stated by co-students in the schools and colleges. Students usually dropout from schools or colleges due to illegal drugs, about 17 percent of students, 2.8 million are abusing drugs in school days in United States of America. Most of the schools are like hubs for drug activity with 44 percent of high school students who sells and use drugs by Reinberg, S. (2011, November 7). Private school students reported 54 percent of drugs available in schools and 61 percent of students are drug infected in public schools. In the article, â€Å"Effects of drugs and alcohol on Academic life†, 95% of the college campus violence related to drugs, over 60 percent of all college women intoxicated using drugs. Teenagers feel pressured to use drugs at parties and social gathering; they use drugs to get relieved from work related stress, financial worries or relationship problems and for feeling of shyness. Illicit drug use among dropouts was higher than for those in school (31.4 percent vs. 18.2 percent). Teenagers who use drug are more likely than non-users to drop out of school and less likely than non-users to graduate from high school. According to research at Colorado State University, teen drug abuse increases the risk of failure at schools. Poor academic performance can lead to increase truancy and dropout rates. The drugs are the main factor for teen violence; students with violent tendencies are likely to resist authority by (university of Illinois). Drug use can cause teenagers more vulnerable to depression and suicidal behavior. The symptoms of depression can manifest themselves in the form of being late to class and unable to complete assignments and other activities (Turner, 2009). Most of the teenagers maintain gangs to protect themselves (Lares, n.d). Some youth attend schools where violence is all too familiar and physical fighting is frequent relied upon to settle disputes (OSWALT, 2011) in Exposure to Violence. The influence of social media and electronic media can be negatively affecting the young people in many ways like exposing them to violence, reinforcing the importance of money. A staggering three quarters of teens between ages of 12 and 17 years old admitted that seeing photos of fellow classmates using drugs on social media encouraged them to do the same from the article â€Å"The influence of social media and teen drug use†. They are exposing them to extreme violence, which can desensitize them to reality, reinforcing the importance if money, consumerism and status symbol in Australia (2015). The main reason for the gang violence are the use and sale of drugs in campus, disputes over gang territory, gang rivalries and fights among members of the other gang. PREVENTION TIPS: The best know fact about prevention about the illegal drug use is â€Å"Not to take drugs†. To live a healthy life and drug free life there are few prevention tips for parents, faculty and teenagers: Parents have to keep time for kids to know about the kid’s schedule of the day. They should be vigilant about their children’s, make family dinner as often, spend time, and share the views, know about the friends. This can build emotional ties between parents and children’s (Phoenix house, 2012). Students will experience freedom and this may result with drug use, the use of illegal drugs is always dangerous. Faculty and university should change behavior of the student even he refuse your help and they should interact with students to avoid the drug culture. CONCLUSION: To conclude, illegal drug use will be impact on the teenagers and increase the risk factors including accidents, crimes, academic failure. All of these issues are very significant to the individual teen, the family and society. Teenagers should know the facts and knowledge about the drug use and its effects and they can live drug free life. REFERENCE: (AMERICAN PSYCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION) BARNARD, M. (2005, April 27). Drugs in the family: The impact on parents and siblings | Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/drugs-family-impact-parents-and-siblings DrugFacts: Drugged Driving. (2014, December 1). Retrieved April 26, 2015, from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving Drugs teenagers Better Health Channel. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.Nsf/pages/Drugs_teenagers?open Goldberg, C. (2013, April 22). National Study: Teen Misuse and Abuse of Prescription Drugs Up 33 Percent Since 2008, Stimulants Contributing to Sustained Rx Epidemic Partnership for Drug-Free Kids. Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.drugfree.org/newsroom/national-study-teen-misuse-and-abuse-of-prescription-drugs-up-33-percent-since-2008-stimulants-contributing-to-sustained-rx-epidemic/ Larsen, L. (2014). Drug abuse sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about the abuse of cocaine, club drugs, marijuana, inhalants, heroin, hallucinogens, and other illicit substances and the misuse of prescription and over-the-counter medications; along with facts and statistics about drug use and addiction, treatment and recovery, drug testing, drug abuse prevention and intervention, glossaries of related terms, and directories of resources for additional help and information (4th ed.). OMNIGRAPHICS. MANAGING YOUR HEALTH. (2011, November 7). Retrieved April 27, 2015, from http://health.usnews.com/health-news/managing-your-healthcare/articles/2011/11/07/more-than-a-third-of-teens-turning-to-alcohol-drugs-study. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Drugged Driving Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/drugged-driving on April 22, 2015 Nefer, B. (2005). Drug abuse and relationships. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. Retrieved January 7, 2015, from http://www.livestrong.com/article/195062-drug-abuse-relationships/ Parenting and Child Health Health Topics -. (2013, October 10). Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114np=141id=1747. Simple Methods to Prevent Your Teen from Using Drugs or Alcohol. (2012, September 19). Retrieved April 30, 2015, from http://www.phoenixhouse.org/news-and-views/news-and-events/simple-methods-to-prevent-your-teen-from-using-drugs-or-alcohol/ THE EFFECT OF DRUG AND alcohol on academic life. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2015, from https://www.fit.edu/caps/documents/effects of drugs.pdf The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol on Academic Life. (2011, September 21). Retrieved May 2, 2015, from http://sobercollege.com/2011/the-effects-of-drugs-and-alcohol-on-academic-life/ WORLD DRUG REPORT 2014. (2014, June 1). Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2014/World_Drug_Report_2014_web.pdf

The Attachment Theory Essay -- Psychology, Interpersonal Relationship

The Attachment theory is a psychological, ethological and evolutionary theory that gives a descriptive and explanatory framework of understanding interpersonal relationship between human beings. Presented by John Bowlby, the important tenet of this theory is that an infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to progress generally. The idea of attachment theory is that infants become attached to adults who are sensitive and responsive in social relationships with them, and who remain consistent caregivers for some months during the period of early six months to two/three years of age. In the early days Bowlby was criticized by academic psychologists and also ostracized by the psychoanalytic community but, attachment theory has become a dominant approach in understanding social development and giving rise of empirical research into the formation of children’s close relationships. The child that is observed for this paper is my nephew aged 5 years. He is currently in grade 1 possessing few characteristics of anxious ambivalent (discussed in history) child. History After graduating from the University of Cambridge in 1928, Bowlby performed volunteer work at a school for disturbed children while reconsidering his career goals. His experiences with two children at the school set his professional life on course. One was a very isolated, remote, affectionless teenager who had been expelled from his previous school for theft and had had no stable mother figure. The second child was an anxious boy of 7 or 8 who trailed Bowlby around and who was known as his shadow (Ainsworth, 1974). Persuaded by this experience of the effects of early family relationshi... ...hown that early childhood attachment is necessary for the healthy development of child. Children are needed to have a sense of security so that they can grow up to be healthy and productive adults but if there is lack of attachment with them, they are at the higher rate of risk of developing social, emotional or behavioral problems in childhood or adolescent. Insecure attachment has been developed because the primary caregiver (mother) had not consistently responded to him in warm, affectionate, loving, dependable and sensitive way. Such babies are more likely to develop a mental representation of world as hostile or uncaring leading them to many psychological disorders. Teenagers who have not developed secure attachment tends to be open to depression and anxiety and they are more likely to get involved in drug abuse and antisocial/sexual activities. (Doyle, 2000)